第一章 关键发展
CHAPTER ONE KEY DEVELOPMENTS Several significant developments in China’s national strategies and military capabilities in the last two years relate to the questions posed by the Congress in Section 1202 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (P.L. 106-65). These developments include: Grand Strategy, Security Strategy, and Military Strategy • In December 2004, Beijing released China’s National Defense in 2004 (hereinafter, Defense White Paper), the fourth such paper since 1998. The paper explains China’s public views on security and provides information on military-related policies, organization, and regulations. Although a modest improvement over previous years, this newest Defense White Paper provides only limited transparency in military affairs. • China continued its strategic focus on building “comprehensive national power,” with an emphasis on economic development. This year, China will complete its 10th Five Year Plan and finalize preparations for the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010). • State President and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Hu Jintao replaced Jiang Zemin as Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) in September 2004. This transition is unlikely to produce significant change in China’s strategy for military modernization, or in its approach to the United States, or Taiwan. • The CMC expanded from eight to eleven members and added the commanders of the PLA Air Force, Navy, and the Second Artillery (or Strategic Rocket Forces). Air Force and Navy officers were also appointed Deputy Chiefs of the General Staff, reflecting China’s emphasis on joint capabilities and inter-service coordination. • In 2004, China began to express increased concern over a perceived technology gap between modern Western forces and its own. The 2004 Defense White Paper identifies the “technological gap resulting from the Revolution in Military Affairs” as a development that will have a “major impact on China’s security.” China’s increased emphasis on asymmetric, non-linear, and “leap ahead” technologies through the 1990s – and for the foreseeable future – will, in our judgment, help it to close or mitigate this gap. • Domestic protests, mainly directed at local policies and officials, have grown violent over the past year, posing increasing challenges to China’s internal security forces. The number of these incidents in 2004 reached an all-time high of at least 58,000, according to official Chinese estimates. The rising number of protests reflects growing popular dissatisfaction with official behavior related to property rights and forced relocations, labor rights, pensions, corruption, and political reforms. 1
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