Fedora非官方文档

The FAQ

About Fedora

1. 
   Q: What is this Fedora Core 3 thing?

   A:
   First, read the official Fedora
   page a bit. Now, i'll give you a summary. You can think of Fedora
   Core 3 as something like "Red Hat Linux 12," except it differs
   from the old Red Hat Linux in the following ways:

   • It's a community-supported project. That means that you
     can be involved in creating Fedora Core, if you want.
   • A new version of Fedora Core comes out every six months.
   • When a new version comes out, the previous version becomes
     unsupported after another 6 - 8 months.

   This means upgrading your OS every 6 - 8 months. The upgrades are
   usually very easy, much like Red Hat Linux 8 - Red Hat Linux 9.
   The easiness is not guaranteed.

   If you don't want to upgrade every 6 - 8 months, there is something
   called the Fedora Legacy
   Project. They provide security patches for each version of
   Fedora for an additional 1 1/2 years after the Fedora Project stops
   their support.

   Red Hat Enterprise
   Linux 4 is based on Fedora Core 3, so if you want to learn a
   little about RHEL 4 for free, use Fedora Core 3.

2. 
   Q: Is it unstable?

   A:
   No!

3. 
   Q: Has it been released?

   A:
   Yes! Fedora Core 3 (Heidelberg), was released on November 8, 2004. To
   see when new versions of Fedora are going to be released, you can
   look at the release
   schedule.

4. 
   Q: Where do I get it?

   A:
   Normal Download or
   BitTorrent. You want the
   "binary" or "i386" version, not the "source"
   or "SRPM" version.

5. 
   Q: Where can I find a list of all the programs
   that come with Fedora Core 3 (a package list)?

   A: There's a list the main Core 3 packages
   over at the Distrowatch
   Fedora Page.

6. 
   Q: Does up2date still work?

   A:
   Yes, but it no longer uses the Red Hat Network (RHN). (It still downloads
   from the Red Hat servers, you just can't use the features of the Red
   Hat Network.)

   However, with Fedora, it's better to use
   yum to get updates, instead of
   up2date.

7. 
   Q: Can I install on ReiserFS, JFS, or XFS?

   A:
   Yes, you can install Fedora on ReiserFS, JFS, or XFS.
   None of these file systems are officially supported by
   the Fedora Project. (That means that you can use them, but you won't
   find a lot of official help from the Fedora Project if things go wrong.)

   At the installer prompt, type this for ReiserFS:
   linux reiserfs
   or this for JFS:
   linux jfs
   or this for XFS:
   linux xfs

   
   NOTE: You cannot use SELinux on ReiserFS or JFS. XFS is OK. (If you
   don't know what SELinux is, you can ignore this warning.)

   (Thanks to whiprush [quoting Jesse Keating] for this. Thanks
   to Kai Thomsen for catching an important typo. Thanks to
   Colin Charles for the XFS part
   and the SELinux warning.)

8. 
   Q: Can Fedora run on a 64-bit (AMD-64 or Intel
   EM64T) computer?

   A:
   Yes, it can! A 64-bit version of Fedora Core 2 is currently available
   to download. See the question about getting Fedora.

   If you have any questions abou the 64-bit Fedora, see the
   AMD 64 Fedora FAQ.

   You can also run the normal 32-bit version of Fedora
   on your 64-bit computer.

9. 
   Q: Can I run Fedora on a Mac (PowerPC)?

   A:
   Yes, actually. It's a little complicated at this time -- see
   Colin
   Charles's guide to installing Fedora on a Mac.

   (Thanks to Colin Charles!)

10. 
    Q: Where is the floppy disk install image for
    Fedora Core 3?

    A: The new 2.6 kernel in Fedora Core can't fit
    on a floppy disk. So, you can't boot or install from a floppy. However,
    you can install from a CD, hard drive, or even USB disk (if your computer
    supports booting from a USB disk).

    If you can only use a floppy, you have a few choices:

    • If you are upgrading from another Red Hat/Fedora installation,
      you can see HOWTO:
      Upgrade to Fedora on a Laptop with no Floppy or CD Drive.
      (Thanks to Alan Cox for that link.)
    • If you have a CD-ROM, but you can't boot from it, you can install
      Smart Boot Manager
      on a floppy, and then use that to boot from your CD-ROM drive.
      (Thanks to Paul Rouleau for that tip!)

    (Thanks to Noa Resare for suggesting this question and giving
    me some good sample text.)

Getting and Installing Software

1. 
   Q: Where can I get software for Fedora?

   A: There are a few "repositories"
   (sites that hold software). The primary sites are the highly
   unofficial rpm.livna.org (for
   packages with licensing or USA
   patent problems) and the more official
   fedora.us site.
   They hold different software.

   For an alternate choice, look at
   FreshRPMs. There are some packages in
   FreshRPMs and its partner sites that aren't in fedora.us or in livna.org.
   You can see the list of available packages on the
   "Mega-Merge"
   page.

   To search for software in all the major repositories, use the
   FedoraTracker search engine or
   rpm.pbone.net.

2. 
   
   Q: How do I install software for Fedora? (How to
   use yum or an RPM)

   A: The easiest way to install software in Fedora
   is to use yum.

   1. Download this yum.conf.
   2. Replace your "/etc/yum.conf" with the one you downloaded.
      You will need to be root to do that.
      In fact, you need to be root to do any of the following.

   
   NOTE: Not all software is available for Fedora Core 3, yet. Some
   of the repos are still catching up with the recent release of Fedora Core 3.

   Note that the yum.conf provided here is updated from time to time,
   for various reasons.

   Now, you can see a list of the available software:

   yum list available

   • To install some software, you type:
     yum install packagename
   • To update some software, you type:
     yum update packagename
     If you leave out "packagename" yum will update all your
     software.
   • To see what updates are available, you can do:
     yum check-update
   • To search for a package, you can do:
     yum search

   For more info about yum, see the
   yum project page.
   (Thanks to Ron Kuris for this tip.)

   If you want more security, I recommend that you
   un-comment the lines in the yum.conf that start with
   "gpgcheck=1" -- you might also want to look at the
   gpg signature question, if you do this.
   (Thanks to Kai Thomsen for convincing me to add this note.)

   To get yum through a proxy, see the
   FedoraForum
   thread about yum and proxies. (Thanks to Reinhard Herzfeld
   for that link.)

   To install an RPM that you
   downloaded outside of yum, open up a terminal and as root do:
   rpm -Uvh filename.rpm

3. 
   Q: Is there anything like apt for Fedora?

   A:
   APT
   is a program for Debian Linux that installs not only the software you
   specify, but also all of that software's dependencies. It makes
   installing software much easier.

   There is a piece of software like this for Fedora, that
   comes in the standard Fedora Core installation. It's called
   yum. It can automatically download
   and install a program and all of its dependencies, with just one
   command. I even provide a special
   configuration file that I use for yum on my computer, in
   the question where I explain how to use
   yum.

   For those people who really like apt specifically,
   there is a version of apt for Fedora. You can
   download
   it from fedora.us. (Look for the package named "apt," it's
   OK that you'll be using the Fedora Core 2 version.)
   I have heard that it works very well.

4. 
   
   Q: Where are the Fedora Extras?

   A: The "Fedora Extras" will be a set
   of semi-official software packages supported by the Fedora Project. They
   don't exist yet. The fedora.us site
   has many packages that will be in Extras when it is created. To
   install them, just see the question about
   installing software.

5. 
   Q: The update servers hosted by Red Hat are slow!
   What can I do?

   A: First, you should use
   yum. Second, use the yum.conf from this FAQ --
   it uses mirrors to speed things up a lot.
   (See the question about installing software
   if you need some help with yum.)

   If you really want to use up2date, you can see
   Alexander
   Dalloz's great article. It will show you how to configure your
   up2date to use mirrors.

6. 
   Q: How do I install Java?

   The easiest way is to install Dag
   Wieers's Java Runtime RPMs:

   1. Make sure that you're using my yum.conf.
   2. Open a Terminal.
   3. Become root.
   4. Type:
      yum --enablerepo dag install j2re
      mozilla-j2re
      (If you're updating, do "update" instead of
      "install.")

   If the above directions don't work for you, or if you want to program
   in Java (so you need the SDK instead of the Java Runtime), use the
   custom Java installation instructions.

   (Thanks to Dag Wieers for an
   awesome simplification of this question. Thanks to Quy Nguyen Dai for
   catching a typo.)

7. 
   Q: How can I install Flash in my
   web browser?

   A:
   There are two ways to do this, using "yum," or not using it.

   • Using yum (easiest):
     1. Make sure that you're using the yum.conf
        from the installing software question.
     2. Open a Terminal.
     3. Become root:
        su -
     4. Type yum --enablerepo flash install
        flash-plugin
   • Not using yum (more complex):
     1. Download the Flash Plugin
        RPM to your home directory. (Choose the one for "Fedora
        Core 3" after you pick your location.)
     2. Open a Terminal.
     3. Become root:
        su -
     4. Type rpm -Uvh flash-plugin-*.i386.rpm

     
     NOTE: If you install a new version of Mozilla you may have to run this
     process again.

   If you have any questions, see the Flash
   Plugin FAQ! (Thanks to Warren Togami for that link.)

   (Thanks to various IRC folks and vegan_linuxguy for troubleshooting
   this. Thanks to "m d," David Ball, and others for pointing out an
   important typo in this question! Thanks to David Jansen for letting me know
   that you no longer need libstdc++-compat for the new Flash plugin.)

8. 
   Q: How can I see PDF files inside my browser?

   A: I think the easiest way is with the Adobe
   Acrobat Reader. Just install Dag
   Wieers's mozilla-acroread package:

   1. Make sure that you're using my yum.conf.
   2. Open a Terminal.
   3. Become root.
   4. Type:
      yum --enablerepo dag install
      mozilla-acroread
      (If you're updating, do "update" instead of
      "install.")
9. 
   Q: How can I watch movies in my web browser?

   A: Just install the
   mplayer plug-in:

   1. Make sure that you're using the yum.conf
      from the installing software question.
   2. Open a Terminal.
   3. Become root:
      su -
   4. Install the plug-in:
      yum install mplayerplug-in
   5. Close all the windows of your web browser and then open it
      again.

   Now, you can see movies on web sites!

   
   NOTE: If you install a new version of Mozilla you may have to run this
   process again.

   (Thanks to Sindre for writing the original text for this
   question.)

10. 
    Q: Can I use MSN
    Messenger/AIM/ICQ/Yahoo
    instant messaging in Fedora?

    A: Yes, Fedora comes with an instant messaging
    program called gaim. When you
    use gaim, you can use MSN Messenger,
    ICQ,
    AIM,
    Yahoo! Messenger, and
    Jabber, all at the same time.

    To start gaim, click on the "Red Hat" menu, go to
    "Internet," and choose "Messaging Client."

    See the gaim documentation
    for information about how to set up gaim with your MSN Messenger account.

    (Thanks to Peter Lawler for letting me know that
    "gaim" isn't capitalized.)

11. 
    Q: How do I install fonts? Can I use Windows
    (.ttf) fonts?

    A: Yes, you can.

    1. Double-click on the "Computer" icon on your desktop.
    2. In the "File" menu, choose "Open Location..."
    3. Type in:
       fonts:

    Now simply drag & drop your fonts into that window to add them.

    (Thanks to Harold Gimenez for the simple "Computer"
    way.)

12. 
    Q: Where can I get drivers for my
    hardware for Fedora?

    Dag Wieers provides
    an
    awesome set of drivers for Fedora, for all sorts of hardware. All
    the packages whose names start with "kernel-module" are
    drivers. Just download the appropriate version of the driver you need,
    for your kernel. If you want to find out what kernel you're running,
    you can open a terminal and type:

    uname -r

    
    NOTE: You must download and install a new version of your driver every
    time you install a new kernel.

    If you don't find what you need at Dag's site, try
    Googling for:

    Fedora NameOfHardware

    or:

    Linux NameOfHardware

    Where NameOfHardware is the normal name of your hardware.
    If it has more than one name, keep trying different ones until you
    get a result.

Problems and Their Solutions

1. 
   Q: I get a NOKEY warning from RPM,
   or I get a gpg signature error when using Apt / Yum / up2date!
   (Updated 28 November 2004)

   A:
   The NOKEY warning is not really a problem. It won't prevent
   you from doing anything. (The Apt / yum / up2date error, though,
   will usually prevent you from installing software.)

   If you'd like to resolve it, do the following command to get
   the correct key for the site you're downloading from:

   You must be root
   to do any of this.

   • Red Hat:
     rpm
     --import /usr/share/doc/fedora-release-3/RPM-GPG-KEY*
   • fedora.us:
     rpm
     --import http://www.fedora.us/FEDORA-GPG-KEY
   • rpm.livna.org:
     rpm
     --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY
   • FreshRPMs:
     rpm
     --import http://freshrpms.net/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.txt
   • DAG:
     rpm
     --import http://dag.wieers.com/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
   • ATrpms:
     rpm
     --import http://atrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms
   • NewRPMs:
     rpm
     --import http://newrpms.sunsite.dk/gpg-pubkey-newrpms.txt
   • Dries:
     rpm
     --import http://apt.sw.be/dries/RPM-GPG-KEY.dries.txt
   • JPackage:
     rpm
     --import http://www.jpackage.org/jpackage.asc

   (Thanks to Kai Thomsen for the original location of the
   ATrpms key, and thanks to Tom Householder for the new location!
   Thanks to Pim Rupert for the location of the Dries key. Thanks to
   Anduin Withers for a good idea about how to reorganize this
   question.)

2. 
   Q: How do I enable 3D support for my ATI Radeon
   card in Fedora Core 3?

   A:
   ATI drivers for Fedora Core 3 are not ready yet. Watch the
   tracking bug
   in the Livna.org Bugzilla for news.

3. 
   Q: How do I enable 3D support for my nVidia
   graphics card in Fedora Core 3?

   A: The nVidia drivers aren't
   completely ready for Fedora Core 3. However, we can
   make them work in the following way:

   1. First, use the Custom nVidia
      Install Instructions.
   2. Open a Terminal.
   3. Become root.
   4. Type: cp -a /dev/nvidia*
      /etc/udev/devices/
   5. Type: chown root:
      /etc/udev/devices/nvidia*

   (Thanks to Marius Nilsen for those instructions! Thanks to
   Jef Spaleta for a correction.)

   If, after installing the drivers, you continue to have trouble, try typing
   _GL_SINGLE_THREADED=1 yourprogramname
   to start your game instead of the normal way you do it.

   If you need support for the nVidia drivers, check out the
   
   nV News "Linux and nVidia Graphics" forum.
   (Thanks to Exile in Paradise for this tip.)

   If you have any trouble with the livna.org RPMs, see the
   alternate instructions.

4. 
   Q: I have an nVidia graphics card, and my
   computer freezes when it's booting!

   A: This is a problem with the
   "Red Hat Graphical Boot" (RHGB) screen and the nVidia
   drivers. To get your computer to boot, you can temporarily
   disable RHGB:

   1. When you first start your computer, the GRUB screen
      (where you choose your Operating System) appears. Select
      the Fedora that you want to boot into, but press the
      a key instead of pressing Enter.
   2. You will see a line somewhat like the following:
      kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.6-1.435 ro
      root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
      Remove the word "rhgb" from that line, and then
      press Enter.

   Now the computer will start up.

   Now, to prevent this problem from happening in the future,
   follow the nVidia installation instructions
   in this FAQ.

5. 
   Q: The installer's media check says all my CDs
   are bad!

   A: There is a bug in the kernel which
   causes the media check to say all CDs are bad, on some systems.
   To do a successful media check, do the following:

   1. At the installer prompt, type:
      linux mediacheck nocddma
   2. Run the media check on your CDs/DVD.
   3. Reboot, and run the installer normally.
6. 
   Q: I have strange installation problems.

   A: If your installation doesn't work, or you
   have problems during or after installation, first read the
   README
   and the Release
   Notes.

   If the README and Release Notes don't have a solution for your problem,
   try booting the installer with one of the following commands:

   linux ide=nodma
   linux acpi=off
   linux i8042.nomux
   linux acpi=off apm=off

   The "i8042.nomux" is especially helpful if you have keyboard
   or mouse problems.

   If any of those commands fixes your problem, please
   file
   a bug in Red Hat's
   Bugzilla.

   (Thanks to Alan Cox for
   all this information.)

7. 
   Q: How do I make XMMS play MP3s?

   A: Before I talk about this, you should know:
   In the United States and some other countries, you may have to
   pay patent royalties to
   use MP3 players or encoders. However, for home users, there is no legal
   problem with MP3 players. (Thanks to Doug McClean for clearing
   that up for me!)

   With that said, the plugins for these things are usually in the
   rpm.livna.org repository.

   1. Make sure that you're using my yum.conf.
   2. Open a terminal.
   3. Become root:
      su -
   4. Type yum install xmms-mp3
8. 
   Q: How do I make Rhythmbox play MP3s?

   A:
   Remember, there may be legal issues. See the XMMS
   question. With that said, the plugins for these things are usually
   in the rpm.livna.org repository:

   1. Make sure that you're using my yum.conf.
   2. Open a terminal.
   3. Become root:
      su -
   4. Type yum install gstreamer-plugins-mp3
9. 
   Q: How can I play MP3s in a KDE MP3 player, like Noatun or Juk?

   A: See
   Adrian
   Holovaty's awesome answer to this question.

10. 
    Q: How do I read my NTFS (Windows NT/2000/XP/2003)
    drive in Fedora?

    A: Well, now, that's an easy one! The wonderful
    linux-ntfs project has
    a whole
    section dedicated to Red Hat and Fedora. If you get lost, just look
    at the links on the left.

11. 
    Q: I don't like the new spatial file manager, how
    can I turn it off?

    A: You should at least give the new file manager
    a try, it's unusual, but many find it a better, faster and more efficient
    file manager. If you want a good introduction to it, read
    this
    introduction to the spatial file manager.

    If you decide you really don't like it and want to go back to the
    old file manager:

    1. Open a terminal.
    2. Type:
       gconftool-2 --type bool
       --set /apps/nautilus/preferences/always_use_browser true
    3. Log out and log in again, and the file manager will be
       back to the way it used to be.

    If you ever want to turn the new file manager back on, you can do:
    gconftool-2 --type bool
    --set /apps/nautilus/preferences/always_use_browser false
    and then log out and log in again.

    (Thanks to Mark McLoughlin and Jorge Castro for the simpler
    gconftool-2 way of doing this.)

12. 
    Q: How do I edit the menus in the panel?

    A:
    There is no easy way to do this in modern versions of GNOME.

    If you really want to change things, the menu items are
    ".desktop" text files in /usr/share/applications/.
    You can edit them in a text editor (like gedit) if you are
    root. You can use a command-line utility called
    desktop-file-install to add new .desktop files you create
    yourself. If you want to know how to write .desktop files, you can either
    look at the existing ones in /usr/share/applications, or
    you can read the (somewhat technical)
    .desktop
    specification.

    KDE has a program called kmenuedit that you
    can run to edit the menu.

13. 
    Q: How do I get Wine to work?

    A: There are
    RPMs
    that work out-of-the-box at NewRPMs.
    Go to the
    NewRPMs Fedora Repository and get whichever wine RPM has been posted most
    recently (check the date next to the file), and try installing it.
    (Thanks to che for the tip.)

    If for some reason you can't use the Wine RPMs (for example, you're using
    the CrossOver Office version of Wine), you have two choices:

    • Simple:
      Every time you start wine, instead of typing wine program type:
      setarch i386 wine program
      (Thanks to "ric" for this method.)
    • More Complex (better performance):

      You can disable a security feature called "exec-shield."
      That will solve the Wine-related problems in Fedora:

      1. Become root:
         su -
      2. Run prelink:
         prelink -ua
      3. Edit /etc/sysconfig/prelink. You'll need to change:
         PRELINK_OPTS=-mR
         to:
         PRELINK_OPTS="-m --no-exec-shield"
      4. Then do this to disable exec-shield:
         prelink -am --no-exec-shield

      
      NOTE: Exec-shield lessens the risk of the dreaded
      "buffer overflow" that most viruses and attacks use to compromise your
      system. However, as long as you're up-to-date with your updates, you
      shouldn't be in any more danger after you disable exec-shield.

      
      Note: You could also edit /etc/prelink.conf and skip everything that related
      to Wine, but I don't know the specific details on what you'd need to skip. (If you get it
      working, email me!)

      (Thanks to Carlos Vidal and Jeremy White for
      the general Wine un-prelink instructions. Thanks to Guy Fraser
      for the PRELINK_OPTS method. )

14. 
    Q: I can't access my Windows network shares anymore!
    People tell me to use the smbmount command, but it doesn't work!

    A: Fedora Core 3 uses a cool new type of Windows
    file sharing called "The Common Internet File System" (CIFS).
    Instead of using "smbmount", try:

    mount -t cifs //computername/share
    /mnt/somedirectory

    For more information about this, in a
    terminal you can do:
    man mount.cifs

15. 
    Q: d00d, u r t3h sukc

    A: Um, please phrase your request in the
    form of a question.

    In the mean time: party on. And goats.

This FAQ is maintained by Max Kanat-Alexander. That's max -at- fedorafaq -dot- org
or Avatraxiom in #fedora on FreeNode IRC. Sindre "foolish"
Pedersen Bjørdal is the Assistant Editor (foolish -at- fedorafaq -dot- org).

You can help us keep this FAQ up to date! if you discover an issue we don't cover, find any
errors in the answers already here or have a suggestion of some kind, please contact us and
we'll get on it.